Understanding the Fatal Five Preventable Health Risks in I/DD - Sepsis

When supporting people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) or aging adults, understanding preventable health risks is critical. The “Fatal Five” refers to five serious conditions—aspiration, dehydration, constipation, seizures, and sepsis—that can be life-threatening if not properly addressed. Here we will focuses on seizures, its risks, and strategies for prevention and care.

Understanding Sepsis: What You Need to Know to Save Lives

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to an infection, causing widespread inflammation. Left untreated, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. Awareness of sepsis risks, symptoms, and prevention strategies is vital to saving lives.

What is Sepsis?

Sepsis arises when the immune response to infection spirals out of control, triggering inflammation that can harm the body instead of healing it. Symptoms often include:

• Fever above 100.4°F or hypothermia below 95°F

• Rapid breathing and heart rate

• Low blood pressure

• Visible signs of infection like pus or drainage

Who is at Risk?

While anyone can develop sepsis, certain groups face higher risks. Older adults, particularly those over 65, and individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are more vulnerable due to:

• Weakened immune systems

• Chronic conditions like diabetes or kidney disease

• Longer hospital stays and invasive medical devices like catheters

Those in nursing homes are especially susceptible, being six times more likely to develop sepsis than those in other living arrangements.

The Impact of Sepsis

Sepsis not only threatens physical health but also affects mental well-being. Survivors, especially older adults, often face cognitive issues, depression, and anxiety. Individuals with IDD are three times more likely to die from sepsis, making early detection critical.

Prevention is Key

Sepsis can escalate rapidly—sometimes within 12 hours. Prevention strategies include:

• Managing chronic illnesses and staying up-to-date on vaccinations

• Practicing good hygiene and proper care of medical devices

• Monitoring changes in health, especially for those with known vulnerabilities

Acting Fast Saves Lives

If you suspect sepsis, seek immediate medical care by calling 911 or visiting the ER. Early diagnosis and treatment can make the difference between life and death.

By understanding sepsis and its risk factors, symptoms, and prevention methods, you can protect yourself and your loved ones, especially those most at risk. Let’s work together to reduce preventable deaths caused by sepsis.